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Hépato-Gastro & Oncologie Digestive

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Mastocytosis: Gastrointestinal symptoms Volume 25, issue 8, Octobre 2018

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Author
Hôpital Saint-Antoine, Service de gastroenterologie et nutrition, 184, rue du Faubourg Saint-Antoine, 75571 Paris Cedex 12, France
* Tirés à part

Mastocytosis are rare and heterogeneous diseases, as much by their clinical and biological presentation as by their prognosis or their treatment. Classically, there is pure cutaneous (90%) and systemic (10%) forms. Among the many manifestations of this disease, digestive symptoms are common and sometimes disabling. The most common gastrointestinal symptoms are abdominal pain, diarrhea, nausea and vomiting. These clinical manifestations are either related to the release of mast cell mediators (such as histamine), or the consequence of tumor infiltration. The lesions observed may concern the esophagus, the stomach (with in particular a high frequency of ulcers), the small intestine, the colon and the rectum. The pathogenesis of gastrointestinal symptomatology is not univocal. The diagnosis of mastocytosis is based on international clinical, biological, histological and molecular criteria. The diagnosis of gastrointestinal involvement is difficult because the histology can be faulted. The treatment of gastrointestinal symptoms of mastocytosis is adapted to each patient according to the severity of the clinical picture. It has two major axes: The first aims to prevent and limit degranulation and/or its consequences and the second aims to control the proliferation of mast cell tumor.

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