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Pharmacokinetic data on brivaracetam, lacosamide and perampanel during pregnancy and lactation Volume 23, issue 2, April 2021

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Authors
1 Program for Pharmacy, Dept. of Life Sciences and Health, Faculty of Health Sciences, Oslo, Metropolitan University, Oslo, Norway
2 The National Center for Epilepsy, Sandvika, Oslo University Hospital, Oslo, Norway
3 Section for Clinical Pharmacology, The National Center for Epilepsy, Dept. of Pharmacology, Oslo University Hospital, Oslo, Norway
4 Dept. of Neurology and Clinical Neurophysiology, St. Olav University Hospital, Trondheim, Norway
5 Dept. of Neuromedicine and Movement Science, The Norwegian University of Science and Technology, Trondheim, Norway
* Correspondence: Cecilie Johannessen Landmark Program for Pharmacy, Oslo Metropolitan University, The National Center for Epilepsy and Dept. of Pharmacology, Oslo University Hospital, Pilestredet 50, N-0167, Oslo, Norway

We present pharmacokinetic data during pregnancy and lactation for brivaracetam, lacosamide and perampanel based on two case studies. Patient 1 used brivaracetam as monotherapy and gave birth to twins. Patient 2 used a combination of brivaracetam, lacosamide and perampanel. In both patients, serum drug concentrations were monitored throughout the pregnancies. Drug concentrations were also analysed in umbilical cord blood at birth, in serum from the offspring and in breastmilk after five days and 3-11 weeks. There were minor changes in concentration/dose-ratios for brivaracetam and lacosamide. The mean milk/serum ratios for brivaracetam and lacosamide were 0.71 and 0.83, respectively, five days and 3-5 weeks after delivery. The perampanel serum concentration increased by up to 80% in Patient 2 during the last part of gestation. The mean milk/serum-ratio for perampanel was 0.13, unchanged from five days to five weeks after delivery. Whereas serum concentrations of brivaracetam and lacosamide remained fairly stable throughout pregnancy, perampanel concentrations seemed to steadily increase towards the end. The distribution to milk was considerable for brivaracetam and lacosamide and low for perampanel. More studies on mother-infant pairs are warranted to confirm these results in larger groups.