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Sandifer syndrome misdiagnosed as refractory partial seizures in an adult Volume 6, issue 1, March 2004

1. Sutcliffe J. Torsion spasms and abnormal postures in children with hiatus hernia, Sandifer’s syndrome. Progr Pediat Radiol 1969; 2: 190-7.

2. Nanayakkara CS, Paton JY. Sandifer syndrome: an overlooked diagnosis? Dev Med Child Neurol 1985; 27: 816-9.

3. Shahanawaz M, van der Westhuizen LR, Gledhill RF. Episodic cervical dystonia associated with gastro-oesophageal reflux: A case of adult-onset Sandifer syndrome. Clin Neurol Neurosurg 2001; 103: 212-5.

4. Kotagal P, Costa M, Wyllie E, et al. Paroxysmal nonepileptic events in children and adolescents. Pediatrics 2002; 110: 46.

5. Kinsbourne M. Hiataus hernia with contortions of the neck. Lancet 1964; 1: 1058-61.

6. Puntis JWL, Smith HL, Buick RG. Effect of dystonic movements on oesophageal peristalsis in Sandifer’s syndrome reported and reviewed. Pediatr Surg Int 1991; 6: 210-3.