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Magnesium favors the capacity of vitamin D3 to induce the monocyte differentiation of U937 cells Volume 34, issue 3, July-August-September 2021

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Authors
1 Centre for Regenerative Medicine “S. Ferrari”, Department of Life Sciences, University of Modena and Reggio Emilia, 41124 Modena, Italy
2 Center for Genome research University of Modena and Reggio Emilia, 41124 Modena, Italy
3 Department of Surgery, Medicine, Dentistry and Morphological Sciences with interest in Transplantation, Oncology and Regenerative Medicine, University of Modena and Reggio Emilia, 41124 Modena, Italy
4 Department of Life Sciences, University of Modena and Reggio Emilia, 41124 Modena, Italy
5 Department of Medical and Surgical Sciences for Children & Adults, University of Modena and Reggio Emilia, 41124 Modena, Italy
6 Department of Pharmacy and Biotechnology, University of Bologna, 40127 Bologna, Italy
7 National Institute of Biostructures and Biosystems (INBB), 00136 Rome, Italy
8 Department of Biomedical, Metabolic and Neural Sciences, University of Modena and Reggio Emilia, 41125 Modena, Italy
* Correspondence: Alexis Grande, Dipartimento di Scienze Biomediche, Metaboliche e Neuroscienze, Università di Modena e Reggio Emilia, Via Campi 287, 41126 Modena, Italy

The hematopoietic U937 cells are able to differentiate into monocytes, macrophages, or osteoclasts when stimulated, respectively, with vitamin D3 (VD3), phorbol 12-myristate 13-acetate (PMA) or PMA plus VD3. We have previously demonstrated that magnesium (Mg) strongly potentiates the osteoclastic differentiation of U937 cells. In this study, we investigated whether such an effect may be ascribed to a capacity of Mg to modulate the monocyte differentiation of U937 cells and/or to an ability of Mg and VD3 to act directly and independently on the early phases of the osteoclastic differentiation. To address this issue, we subjected U937 cells to an individual and combined treatment with Mg and VD3 and then we analyzed, by flow cytometry and quantitative real-time polymerase chain reaction, the expression of a number of genes related tothe early phases of the differentiation pathways under consideration. The results obtained indicated that Mg favors the monocyte differentiation of U937 cells induced by VD3 and at the same time, Mg contrasts the inhibitory effect that VD3 exerts ontheosteoclasticdifferentiation in the absence of PMA. The crucial and articulated role played by Mg in diverse pathways of the osteoclastic differentiation of U973 cells is emphasized.