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Brain imaging in clinical psychiatry: differential diagnosis in machine learning Volume 92, issue 4, Avril 2016

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Authors
1 Université Lille, CNRS, UMR-9193, SCA-Lab, psychic et CHRU de Lille, Pôle de psychiatrie (CURE), Hôpital Fontan, 59000 Lille, France
2 Institut de neurosciences de la Timone, UMR 7289, CNRS, Université Aix-Marseille, Faculté de médecine, 27, boulevard Jean-Moulin, 13005 Marseille, France
3 Pôle de Psychiatrie, CHU de Saint-Étienne Hôpital Nord, 42055 Saint-Étienne cedex 2, France
* Tirés à part

Neuroimaging has grown considerably over the past decades. Many reported studies have indicated that the potential uses of neuroimaging in clinical practice are numerous for diagnostic purposes, prognosis or as a guide to new treatments. In this article, we describe the current use of brain imaging in clinical psychiatric practice, in particular in the search for a differential diagnosis. Based on a review of the literature, several practical recommendations are proposed. The development of machine learning strategies by using neuroimaging data is also considered. Finally, the conceptual consequences of the development of psychiatry in imaging are discussed.