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Association of Interleukin-33 with Recurrent Pregnancy Loss in Egyptian Women Volume 33, issue 2, 2022-06-01

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Authors
1 Department of Clinical Pathology, Faculty of Medicine, Ain Shams University, Cairo, Egypt
2 Department of Obstetrics and Gynaecology, Faculty of Medicine, Ain Shams University, Cairo, Egypt
Correspondence: L. Salem

Background

A successful pregnancy requires a distinct and complex immunological state. Cytokines appear to be critical for the establishment of a tolerogenic environment towards the semi-allogenic foetus during the foeto-maternal interphase, and a shift from a Th1- to a Th2-cytokine profile may be crucial. An imbalance of cytokines can be a significant factor in recurrent pregnancy loss (RPL). Interleukin-33 (IL-33) is a member of the IL- 1 cytokine family, involved in both the innate and adaptive immune responses coordinating immune cell function for a broad range of physiological and pathological processes, including the regulation of pregnancy outcome.

Objectives

The aim of this study was to investigate a possible association between IL-33 and RPL in Egyptian women.

Methods

The study was conducted on 66 Egyptian females recruited from Ain Shams University Specialized Hospital and 66 matched healthy non-pregnant females of typical childbearing age without a history of RPL. Serum IL-33 was measured in all subjects using a sandwich ELISA technique.

Results

Serum IL-33 levels were significantly higher in patients with RPL than in the healthy control group. In addition, in the patient group, there was a positive correlation between serum IL-33 level and both age and number of miscarriages and a negative correlation between serum IL-33 level and the number of deliveries.

Conclusion

In Egyptian women, serum levels of IL-33 are associated with RPL, thus IL-33 level could be a predictive biomarker for RPL in early pregnancy.