Figure 1
Localization of auras to seizure onset zone. Olfactory, fear, epigastric, psychic and autonomic auras predominantly localize (≥ 70%) to the mesial temporal region. Similarly, gustatory auras and visual illusions commonly originate from lateral temporal (70%) and occipital cortex (60%), respectively. Remaining auras (simple hallucination, ictal blurring, complex visual hallucination, vestibular, auditory and somatosensory auras) have variable distribution and have poor localizing value (≤ 50%).
() – number of patients with auras;
μ - Acharya et al., 1998; € - Bien et al., 2000; ¶ - Chen et al., 2003; * - Clarke et al., 2003; # - Fish et al., 1993; £ - Fornazzari et al., 1992; § - Hausser-Hauw and Bancaud, 1987; ¥ - La Vega-Talbot et al., 2006; ¢ - Pugnaghi et al., 2011; ∫ - Russo et al., 2016; ± - Ye et al., 2012.