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European Journal of Dermatology

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Narrow-band imaging: a useful tool for early recognition of oral lichen planus malignant transformation? Volume 29, numéro 5, September-October 2019

Figure 1

Takano's classification for oral cavity lesions. In type I, point and small intrapapillary capillary loops (IPCLs) appear widespread on the mucosa. Elongated IPCLs with dilated calibre belong to type II. Extremely tangled IPCLs with larger calibre, creating a dotted pattern, are a typical feature of type III. Type IV is characterized by irregular vessels, extremely variable calibre, and no loops. Vascular patterns of type II, III, IV were considered as an indicator of neoplastic progression, and therefore judged as “positive” [47].

Figure 2

Flow-chart of patient management.

Figure 3

Oral lichen planus (Group A): NBI (A) and WL (B). On NBI, peri-lesional small dark spots and augmented vascularization without recognizable vessels indicate an inflammatory but benign lesion of the cheek mucosa.

Figure 4

A Group B1 patient: NBI (A) and WL (B). Small dark intra-papillary capillary loops surround a keratotic gingival lesion with intra-lesional thicker spots.

Figure 5

Carcinoma in situ of the retro-molar area/cheek mucosa (Group B2b): NBI (A) and WL (B). Intra-lesional thick dark intra-papillary capillary loops with variable calibre, suspicious for malignant mucosal transformation of the lingual border, are clearly recognizable.