Figures
Figure 1
A, B) Postage stamp issues by year, and geographic contribution.
C) Worldwide Google Trends analysis of the frequency of searches for the terms “HIV” (in blue), and “AIDS” since 2004.
Figure 1
Figure 2
Stamps issued by the United Nations.
Numbers 1-13 (1990, 1990, 2002, 2002, 2009, 1990, 1990, 2009, 2009, 2009, 2009, 2011, 2011). Stamps are digitally cancelled because of their value).
Figure 2
Figure 3
Stamps issued in Europe (I).
Numbers 14-15: Andorra (1994); 16-17: Belgium (1995, 2004); 18: Belarus (1997, 2011); 19-20: Bosnia (2000, 2011); 21: Cyprus (1995); 22: Denmark (1996); 23: Spain (2000); 24-25: France (1996, 2004); 26: Greece (1992); 27: Greenland (1992); 28: Hungary (1992); 29: Italy (1989); 30: Jersey (2010); 31: Luxembourg (2011); 32-46: Macedonia (1994, 1994, 1994, 1994, 1995, 1996, 1998, 1998, 1999).
Figure 3
Figure 4
Stamps issued in Europe (II).
Numbers 47-56: Macedonia (2000, 2001, 2002, 2003, 2004, 2006, 2007, 2008, 2009, 2010, 2011, 2012, 2013, 2016, 2017, 2018); 57: Moldavia (2010); 58-59: Monaco (1994, 2007); 60-65: The Netherlands (2010); 66: Portugal (?); 67-69: Romania (1999, 1999, 2011); 70-73: San Marino (1988); 74-79: Serbia (2002, 2004, 2005, 2006, 2007, 2011); 80: Slovenia (2010); 81: Switzerland (1994); 82: Ukraine (2011); 83: Vatican (2004); 84: Yugoslavia (1988).
Figure 4
Figure 5
Stamps issued in Oceania.
Numbers 85-88: Fidji (2011); 89: Kiribati (2007); 90: Palau (2000); 91-98: Papouasie (2008); 99-102: Tuvalu (2004); 103-105: Vanuatu (1991); 106-107: Wallis (1997, 1998).
Figure 5
Figure 6
Stamps issued in Nord America and Central America.
Numbers 108-110: Anguilla (2004); 112: Antigua and Barbuda (2004); 113: Aruba (2000); 114-115: Bahamas (1995); 116: Barbuda (2002); 117-118: Costa Rica (2000); 119-120: Cuba (2000); 121-123: Dominican Republic (2000, 2010); 124: British Virgin Islands; 125: Jamaica (2005); 126: Mexico (?); 127: Montserrat (2004); 128-129: Nevis (2003); 130: Nicaragua (2000); 131-133: Saint Kitts (2004); 134-136: Saint Lucia (2004, 2001); 137: Salvador (2016); 138: Trinitad and Tobago (2003); 139: United States of America (2003); 140: Canada (1996).
Figure 6
Figure 7
Stamps issued in South America.
Numbers 141-144: Argentina (1992, 1992, 2000, 2000); 145-147: Bolivia (1993, 2000, 2000); 148-159: Brazil (2011, 2011, 2011, 2011, 2011, 2011, 2011, 2011, ?, ?, 2000, 2003); 160-161: Chili (2000, 2000); 162-164: Columbia (2000, ?, 2011); 165-166: Ecuador (2001, 2011); 167: Guyana (?); 168-174: Paraguay (1995, 1997, ?, 2000, 2007, 2011); 175-177: Peru (1993, ?); 178-180: Uruguay (1993, 2000, 2001, 2011).
Figure 7
Figure 8
Stamps issued in the Middle East and the Indian subcontinent.
Numbers 181-182: Armenia (2011); 183-185: Bangladesh (2006, 2007); 186: India (2006); 187: Iraq (2001); 188: Jordan (1993); 189-190: Kazakhstan (2001, 2011); 191: Uzbekistan (2011); 192: Pakistan (2011); 193: Sri Lanka (1990); 194-196: Syria (1990, 1995, 2011); 197-198: Turkey (1991, ?); 199: Yemen (2005).
Figure 8
Figure 9
Stamps issued in the Far-East.
Numbers 200-201: Bhutan (1988, 2000); 202-204: Brunei (1990); 205-213: Cambodia (2005, 2007, 2007, 2007, 2007, 2011, 2011, 2011, 2011); 214: China (2003); 215: Indonesia (?); 216: Japan (1994); 217: Korea (North) (2003); 218-220: Malaysia (1999, ?, ?); 221: Mongolia (2008); 222: Myanmar (1992); 223-224: Nepal (1993, 2012); 225: Philippines (1994); 226: Thailand (1990); 227: Vietnam (1997).
Figure 9
Figure 10
Stamps issued in Africa (I).
Numbers 228-234: South Africa (2013); 235-237: Algeria (2005, 2011); 238-240: Angola (1994); 241-244: Botswana (2003); 245-247: Burkina Faso (1989); 248-252: Cameroon (2011); 253-254: Cape Verde (1991, 1992); 255-260: Zaire/Congo (1988, 1989, 1990, 1991, 1988); 261-262: Côte d’Ivoire (2003, 2004); 263-265: Ethiopia (1991).
Figure 10
Figure 11
Stamps issued in Africa (II).
Numbers 266: Gabon (?); 267-274: Ghana (2006); 275-278: Kenya (?, 1991); 279-280: Lesotho (?); 281-282: Madagascar (1991, 2005); 283: Liberia (?); 284-288: Malawi (2012); 289-292: Mali (1994, 1999, 2001); 293-295: Morocco (1991, 2006, 2011); 296-299: Namibia (?); 300: Niger (1989); 301-302: Nigeria (2003); 303-304: Central African Republic; 305-308: Rwanda (2003).
Figure 11
Figure 12
Stamps issued in Africa (III).
Numbers 309-311: Sao Tome (2004, 2008); 312-318: Senegal (1989, 2004, 2005); 319-321: Swaziland (2003); 322-333: Tanzania (2007, 2008); 334-337: Chad (2004); 338-344: Togo (2007, 2019); 345-353: Uganda (2003, 2005, 2011, ?); 354: Zambie (1999); 355, 356: Zimbabwe (2005, 2006).
Figure 12
Authors
1 Assistance publique des Hôpitaux de Paris (AP-HP), Paris, France
2 Université de Paris, UTCBS, CNRS-Inserm, Paris, France
3 AP-HP, Hôpital universitaire Bichat-Claude Bernard, Service de virologie, Paris, France
4 Université de Paris, IAME, Inserm, Paris, France
5 Professeur honoraire, Paris, France
The postage stamp can serve as a means of promoting the social, educational and philanthropic aspects of the fight against diseases in general and infectious diseases (such as AIDS, associated with HIV infection) in particular. The recent but eventful history of this virus and the disease that it causes has prompted the issue of a considerable number of postage stamps worldwide – barely fewer than the number dedicated to combating tuberculosis and malaria. The present semiotic review of 356 international postage stamps on HIV/AIDS is the first to have used a multicriterion evaluation grid based on the interpretation of indices , icons , and symbols . The stereotypes and the most novel representations and the messages conveyed on the cultural and ideological levels are thus characterized with regard to the disease's historical, scientific and epidemiological contexts. This analysis concludes with a humanist plea as an illustration of Hippocratic and Galenic values: prevention, education, solidarity, empathy, healthcare, and research.