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Médecine de la Reproduction

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Innovations to improve implantation: contribution of Omics techniques Volume 24, issue 2, Avril-Mai-Juin 2022

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Authors
Université de Montpellier, Inserm U1203, DEFE, Montpellier, FranceIRMB, Univ Montpellier, Inserm, Montpellier, FranceCHU Montpellier, service de biologie de la reproduction (AMP/DPI), hôpital Arnaud de Villeneuve, Montpellier, France <s-hamamah@chu-montpellier.fr>
* Tirés à part : S. Hamamah

Despite many advances in assisted reproductive technologies (ART), only 10-15% of the embryos replaced give birth to a child. Some of the failures are directly attributable to the embryo itself, but the main limiting factor is the implantation failure, often associated with desynchronizations of dialogue between embryonic and maternal tissue. Over the past decade, Omics techniques (high-throughput techniques) have been widely used in the fertility field. Notably, the study of circulating nucleic acids (microRNAs, free DNA) has been the subject of important scientific and medical advances. Indeed, they currently occupy a primordial place as biomarkers of interest in human pathology, especially in cancer. Easily accessible in biological fluids or in the embryonic culture medium, they represent tools of choice in ART for the development of new noninvasive diagnostic and prognostic tests. The use of these biomarkers both in the assessment of the ovary reserve, embryonic quality and in the prevention of implantation failures, corresponds to an innovative and extremely promising approach in the field. On the other hand, Omics techniques have enabled major advances in the identification of endometrial receptivity biomarkers, which have therefore allowed the establishment of an endometrial receptivity test, prompting practitioners to revisit their practices.