ARTICLE
ejd.2010.1242
Auteur(s) : David PHILIPPE david.philippe@rdls.nestle.com,
Stephanie BLUM, Jalil BENYACOUB
Nestlé Research Center, Lausanne, Vers chez les blanc, P.O. Box
44, CH-1000, Switzerland
Recently, the incidence of subjects presenting dry skin and
eczema has considerably increased in industrialized countries [1].
Dry skin is characterized by marked sensitivity of skin to physical
(heat, cold…) or chemical (topical product application) stimuli and
is often associated with an impairment of skin barrier function
recovery. Nutritional approaches are postulated to be effective in
improving skin health. Series of preclinical and clinical data
provide evidence that specific probiotics, such as Lactobacillus
paracasei CNCM I-2116 (ST11), could trigger the immune system
and/or down-regulate immune-related disorders [2-3]. We
demonstrated recently that ST11 inhibited substance P-induced skin
inflammation and accelerated skin barrier function recovery in
vitro [4]. To confirm the effect of ST11 on skin barrier
function and skin inflammation, two preclinical studies were
conducted (figure
1A and B). The dose-dependent effects of ST11 were
investigated in both models.
To evaluate the effect of ST11 on skin inflammation, we used an
extreme skin sensitizer, DNCB (Dinitrochlorobenzene), which induces
a local inflammatory reaction [5]. Different doses of ST11
(105 to 109 CFU) or maltodextrin
(control) were administered by daily gavage to 6-week-old hairless
female Skh:hr1 mice (n = 10 per group). Skin inflammation was
assessed twice on the same animals using topical application on the
ear of DNCB (5 μL at 1%) vs. acetone at days 16 and 23. After
24 h, the thickness of both ears was measured under light
anaesthesia, using a micrometer (J15, Klsquäfler). Inflammatory
reactions were measured by differences in ear swelling between
inflamed and control ears, expressed in
10−2 mm ± SEM and compared using the Wilcoxon test.
Skin barrier function recovery was evaluated in other groups of
6-week-old hairless female Skh:hr1 mice, fed with different doses
of ST11 or maltodextrin (n = 10 per group). Repeated tape-stripping
was performed at days 15 and 22, then trans-epidermal water loss
(TEWL) was measured pre- and post- challenge and 8, 24, and
48 hours thereafter. To take into consideration the complete
kinetics of the TEWL, areas under curve were calculated for each
group and statistically compared using a Wilcoxon test.
In the first experiment ST11 decreased the DNCB-induced skin
thickness in a dose dependent manner, from 107 to
109 CFU/day at day 16 and from 106 to
109 CFU/day at day 23 (figure 1A).
There are few studies which have investigated the effects of
different doses of probiotics on physiological parameters.
Recently, we showed that probiotic La1 could maintain skin immune
homeostasis over a large dose range [6]. Our results demonstrated
that lowering the doses of ST11 by log 3 to 4 maintains a
significant reduction on DNCB-induced skin inflammation, which is
not the case for all physiological parameters. Indeed, in the
second experiment, only supplementation with the two higher doses
of ST11, 108 and 109 CFU/day,
significantly promoted recovery of the skin barrier function at day
22 (figure
1B), this effect was not seen at day 15 (data not
shown). This lack of effect at day 15 could be explained by the
narrower windows of efficacy for ST11. At day 15, the basal TEWL
value was 1.81 ± 0.07 and reached a value of 6.5 ± 0.13 just after
tape stripping, offering a 3.59 ratio between them. At day 22, the
basal value was similar to day 15, however, the ratio increased to
4.9 times (130% vs day 15), potentiating the possibility of ST11 to
modulate the TEWL.
In the present study, oral supplementation with ST11 may be
considered as a promising approach for treating subjects suffering
from dry and inflamed skin.
Disclosure
Financial support: none. Conflict of interest: none.
References
1 TE Shaw, GP Currie, CW Koudelka, E.L. Simpson Eczema
Prevalence in the United States: Data from the 2003 National Survey
of Children's Health J Invest Dermatol. 2010; [Epub ahead of
print].
2 T Von der Weid, C Bulliard, E.J. Schiffrin Induction by a
lactic acid bacterium of population of CD4+ T cells with low
proliferative capacity that produces transforming growth factor α
and interleukin 10 Clin Diag Lab Immunol 2001; 8:
695-701.
3 N Ibnou-zekri, S Blum, EJ Schiffrin, T. Von der Weid Divergent
patterns of colonisation and immune response elicited from two
intestinal Lactobacillus strains that display similar properties in
vitro Infect Immun 2003; 71: 428-436.
4 A Gueniche, J Benyacoub, D Philippe et al.
Lactobacillus paracasei CNCM I-2116 (ST11) inhibits substance
P-induced skin inflammation and accelerates skin barrier function
recovery in vitro Eur J Dermatol 2010; 20: 731-737.
5 MH Han, WK Yoon, H Lee et al. Topical application of
silymarin reduces chemical-induced irritant contact dermatitis in
BALB/c mice Int Immunopharmacol 2007; 7: 1651-1658.
6 A Gueniche, B Buetler, J Benyacoub, S. Blum Lactobacillus
johnsonii provides a dose-dependent protection against UVR-induced
immunosuppression Eur J Dermatol 2008; 18: 476-477.
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