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History of epilepsy: nosological concepts and classification Volume 16, numéro 3, September 2014

Figure 1

Trephined skull. No signs of trauma, and bone apposition confirms that the patient survived for a considerable time.

Inca, Precolumbian period.

Figure 2

Complete works of Galenus, 1562 edition, Offizin Frobenius, Basel.

Figure 3

Title of Horsley's 1886 report of the 54th Annual Meeting of the British Medical Association in Brighton regarding three operations on patients referred by Jackson who was present during the procedures. The intervention of Patient 2, on June 22 1886, was solely based upon anatomical conclusions from seizure semiology and thus represents the first instance of veritable epilepsy surgery. The concept and term “focal” arose from the collaboration between Horsley and Jackson.

Figure 4

Title page of the first attempt at establishing an international classification of epileptic seizures by the International League against Epilepsy.