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Illustrations

Figure 1 In vitro TNF-α production by resident peritoneal macrophages in response to non-viable C. albicans ATCC26555 cells. Resident peritoneal macrophages from C57BL/6, TLR2-/- and TLR4-/- mice were challenged with LPS, zymosan, heat-killed C. albicans yeasts and hyphae (HKy and HKh, respectively), fixed C. albicans yeasts and hyphae (Fy and Fh, repectively), and antimycotic-treated C. albicans yeasts and hyphae (ATy and ATh, respectively). Cytokine levels in the absence of exogenous stimuli (negative controls) were below the detection limit (20 pg/mL). Depicted are means ± SD of duplicates from one representative experiment of four.(*) p < 0.05 compared to the control sample (C57BL/6).

Figure 2 In vitro TNF-α production by resident peritoneal macrophages in response to viable C. albicans cells. Resident peritoneal macrophages from C57BL/6, TLR2-/- and TLR4-/- mice were challenged with zymosan, viable cells of C. albicans ATCC 26555 (hyphae) and PCA2 (yeast) strains (see Methods and materials section for further details), and heat-killed C. albicans ATCC 26555 yeast and hyphae (HKy and HKh, respectively). Cytokine levels in the absence of exogenous stimuli (negative controls) were below the detection limit (20 pg/mL). Depicted are means ± SD of duplicates from one representative experiment of three.(*) p < 0.05 compared to the control sample (C57BL/6).

Figure 3 In vitro IFN-γ production by splenocytes of C. albicans PCA2-infected mice in response to C. albicans ATCC 26555. Splenocytes of C57BL/6, TLR2-/- and TLR4-/- mice were isolated at day three post-infection with the C. albicans PCA2 strain, and in vitro challenged with LPS, zymosan, heat-killed yeasts (HKy), fixed yeasts (Fy) or antimycotic-treated yeasts (ATy) of the C. albicans ATCC 26555 strain (see Methods and materials for further details). Cytokine levels in the absence of exogenous stimuli (negative controls) were below the detection limit (20 pg/mL). Depicted are means ± SD of duplicates from one representative experiment of three.(*) p < 0.05, (**) p < 0.01 compared to the control sample (C57BL/6).