Abstracts of The IX^th International Convention of Polish Magnesium Society "Contemporary directions in re

ARTICLE

Variations in some blood minerals related to bone remodeling and haematopoiesis in rheumatoid arthritis

Objective : To estimate the blood levels of total and ionized calcium (Ca and Ca⁺⁺ ) magnesium (Mg), phosphorus (P), copper (Cu), zinc (Zn), iron (Fe) and total iron binding capacity (TIBC) in a group of patients suffering from rheumatoid arthritis (RA) who complained of polyarthritic pains and showed positive rheumatoid factor (Rf) tests. This is a trial to assess the metal status in RA patients ; a knowledge that may help to better understand other markers relevant to the disease or to investigate possible alternative treatment regimens, depending on metal level preservation or restoration. 
Subjects : Twenty healthy men (of ages ranging from 35 to 50 years) were classified into two groups of 10 individuals each. The first was a group of RA patients who showed positive Rf and negative C reactive proteins (i.e. of old polyarthritic complaint), the second was a group of negative Rf individuals of matched ages, not complaining of any arthritic pains, who served as a control. 
Results : Serum total Ca level showed a significant (p < 0.001) decrease, and Ca⁺⁺  non-significantly decreased in RA. However, the P level was significantly increased (p < 0.001), Mg was non-significantly decreased and Cu was non-significantly increased in RA patients. Zn, Fe and TIBC were significantly higher (p < 0.001) in RA than normal individuals. 
Conclusion : The results lead to the suggestion that RA, in addition to being an autoimmune disease, is also associated with serum mineral disturbances ; thus, a serum total Ca decrease may exaggerate the rheumatoid arthritic symptoms without apparent changes in the ionized portion of calcium with a concomitant elevation in the P level. Calcium preservation may be of value in ameliorating symptoms of bone metabolic disturbances in RA patients instead of medication that possibly potentiates Ca depletion. Supplementation of other minerals like Mg, Fe, and Zn may also improve haematopoiesis and oxidative stress because both anaemia and oxidative stress were reported to accompany RA. Thus mineral preservation may be a very important treatment trend in RA instead of systems that may trigger the symptoms through unexpected mineral disturbances. 

Key words: rheumatoid arthritis, total and ionized calcium, phosphorus, magnesium, copper, zinc, iron and total iron binding capacity (transferring) 

Effect of lead and quercetin administration on magnesium exchange in tissues of experimental rats

Iryna Andrusishina, Vasyl Stezhka, Elena Lampeka, Inna Holub 

Intra-abdominally administered 1/100 LD50 lead acetate caused changes in magnesium concentration in blood and tissues of intoxicated animals. This is especially evident in the brain. Balance of Mg/Ca after Pb and Pb + quercetin intoxicated rats caused diverse influence on magnesium concentration depending on tissue type. Quercetin demonstrated protective action by means of increasing magnesium in tissues of examined animals in comparison to lead intoxicated animals. 

Key words: lead, magnesium, quercetin 

Magnesium and calcium in tissues of rats receiving different doses of lithium in drinking water

Ma gorzata Kie czykowska, Kazimierz Pasternak, Jolanta Wrońska, Irena Musik 

Lithium is widely used in medicine, mainly in psychiatry. Its administration can exert negative side effects, among other things, disturbances of water-electrolyte equilibrium. For these reasons investigations of the influence of different lithium doses administered in drinking water on magnesium and calcium concentration in rat tissues were carried out. The results showed that Li exposure for a period of 4 weeks caused an increase in tissue Mg concentration. In the case of Ca the tendency to decrease was observed. Mid-range doses of lithium and, in the case of Mg also the highest one, exerted the most significant influence. 

Key words: lithium, magnesium, calcium, rats, tissues 

Blood magnesium in patients with dislipidemia and effect of oral magnesium supplementation (slow-Mag B6) on serum lipids

Tadeusz Kozielec, Dariusz Chlubek, Lilia Kotkowiak, Piotr Michoń, Iwona Noceń 

In this work we measured magnesium concentration in patients with dislipidemia on the base of blood analysis. We noticed lower than reference values of magnesium in blood. After oral magnesium supplementation for 3 months in these patients ; magnesium and HDL fraction concentration increased and total cholesterol level, TG and LDL concentration decreased. 

Key words: magnesium, dislipidemia, magnesium supplementation 

Trace elements in pathological tissues of the larynx

Niedzielska Grażyna, Caruk Krystyna, Pasternak Kazimierz, Szczepańki Piotr 

The aim of this study was to define magnesium, copper and zinc concentrations in pathological larynx tissues. Thus the concentrations of microelements were determined in vocal fold nodules, as were polypous changes and tuberculosis of the larynx. 
Twenty-four people were examined. The control group contained 7 people who died of circulation insufficiency. The assessment of the microelements was carried out using atomic spectrophotometry. 
The concentration of magnesium in the larynx in all the pathologic cases was higher than in the control group. In comparison, the concentration of copper in the control group was essentially lower in tuberculosis of the larynx. The concentration of zinc is much lower, mostly in tuberculosis of the larynx. 

Key words: tbc laryngis, vocal nodules, polypous, copper, zinc, magnesium 

Fluoride influence on human organisms

Anna Hordyjewska, Kazimierz Pasternak 

Emission of fluoride compounds into the atmosphere is still increasing, which means that man is endangered by high doses of this element. Our study shows the influence of fluoride on metabolic processes in the human body, because of its high chemical and biological activity that helps easy penetration into the cell, causing various disturbances in the metabolism. Too much fluoride in the organism causes a disturbance of calcium, magnesium and zinc binding and inhibits some of the enzymes which play an important role in carbohydrate, lipid and protein metabolism. A few studies have shown that small doses of fluoride may activate some of them. High concentration of fluoride causes fluorosis, but its influence on the human body depends on dose, time and form of exposure and individual predisposition. 

Key words: fluoride, metabolism 

Lithium in biology and medicine

Małgorzata Kie czykowska, Kazimierz Pasternak 

Lithium, an element known from 1817, was first used in medicine in the nineteenth century. From the 1950s, concern about lithium has grown because of continuous new discoveries of its therapeutic properties. In psychiatry it is used in manic states and for the potentialization of antidepressant action. It can serve as an adjuvant in radioiodine treatment of thyroid gland diseases. Li⁺ ion can exert an insulin-like effect and decrease chemotherapy-induced suppression of haematopoiesis in cases of leukaemia. However, it must be emphasised that lithium administration must be associated with monitoring of its level in the organism because an excess can have many side effects and disturb macro- and microelement homeostasis. Lithium salts can also affect antioxidant barrier functions. 

Key words: lithium, psychiatry, thyroid, diabetes, bioelements, antioxidant barrier 

The influence of fluoride on silicon concentration in mouse tissues

Anna Boguszewska, Kazimierz Pasternak, Ma gorzata Sztanke, Andrzej Borzęcki 

Trace elements are very important factors in appropriate functioning of organisms. Silicon is a very important factor, which plays an active part in vital processes, regenerating tissues and increasing the general immunity of an organism. It has a basic role in the metabolism of connective tissue, development of bones, cartilage, hair, nails, teeth in human and animals, and also in processes of convalescence and ageing of organisms. Fluorine compounds make bones and teeth hard, influence calcium – phosphorous metabolism and can disturb collagen synthesis. 
The aim of our work was to determine the influence of sodium fluoride on the concentration of silicone in mouse tissues. It has been shown that the doses of sodium fluoride as well as the duration of exposure have an influence on silicon content in tissues. 

Key words: fluoride, silicon, mice

Magnesium and calcium concentrations in tissues of mice receiving fluorine

Anna Boguszewska, Kazimierz Pasternak, Ma gorzata Sztanke, Andrzej Borzêcki 

Fluorine is an important microelement essential to appropriate organism functioning. Fluoride ions can interact with other elements, change many enzymes’ activity, influence the main metabolic processes such as glycolysis and synthesis of proteins and secretion of some hormones. The aim of our experiment was to find out the influence of sodium fluoride on magnesium and calcium concentrations in some mouse tissues in relation to fluoride doses and the time of exposure. The studies conducted showed great correlation between fluoride administration and tissue concentrations of both important bioelements. 

Key words: fluorine, magnesium, calcium 

Magnesium and calcium concentration in mouse tissue receiving deltamethrin

Izabela Bronisz, Iwona Dębińska, Kazimierz Pasternak, Ma gorzata Sztanke, Andrzej Borzęcki 

Studies concerning the influence of deltamethrin on magnesium and calcium distribution in mouse tissues were conducted. Deltamethrin solution was administered i.p. for 7 and 14 days. 
Magnesium concentration in individual tissues was determined by spectrophotometric methods. Differences in magnesium and calcium distributions in examined tissues have been shown. Magnesium concentrations in brain, kidneys and lungs were higher in deltamethrin intoxicated groups in comparison to control, however lower in the heart. Calcium concentrations in the brain, liver, heart and kidneys of tested mouse groups were higher than in the control group, however it was lower in the lungs. It was shown that deltamethrin administration for 7 and 14 days caused an increase of magnesium concentration in the heart only and a decrease in the other tissues. 

Key words: magnesium, calcium, mousses, deltamethrin 

Magnesium serum level in patients after the acute, symptomatic phase of viral hepatitis type B

Hanna Fota-Markowska, S awomir Kiciak 

In total, 63 persons were included in the study, comprising 39 patients (12 men aged 18 to 60 and 27 women aged 20 to 76), all treated for hepatitis B. The control group consisted of 24 healthy individuals, 13 men aged 31 to 60 and 11 women aged 22 to 69. In both groups, the serum blood level of Mg was estimated once. In patients it was done 4 weeks after the disappearance of clinical symptoms and the normalization of blood biochemical parameters. Determinations of Mg level in blood serum were made by AAS. The numerical data obtained were subjected to statistical analysis. Mg serum levels in the 24 persons of the control group were 927 ± 111 μmol/dm³. In patients, Mg serum levels were 843.1 ± 171 μmol/dm³. 
Conclusion. Analysis of serum Mg levels in patients after the acute phase of hepatitis B shows a statistically important decrease in the concentration of this chemical element which was generally observed in the early period of convalescence in every fifth patient. 

Key words: acute viral hepatitis B, magnesium, serum, AAS 

Determinants of magnesium status among elderly from the Warsaw region

Joanna Kałuża, Anna Brzozowska 

Data was collected on dietary, water and supplementary magnesium intake, magnesium serum and hair concentration from 123 non-institutionalized elderly aged 75-80 years living in the Warsaw region. Subjects were divided into four groups according to energy intake, serum and hair magnesium concentration. Magnesium status was determined by energy, magnesium, and other nutrient intake, gender, chronic diseases of the gastrointestinal tract and physical activity. This study indicated that hair analysis could be regarded as a useful tool for the assessment of magnesium status only with simultaneous determination of other parameters of magnesium status and assessment of energy and nutrient intake. 

Key words: magnesium status, hair analysis, elderly 

Effect on coffee intake on the levels of minerals in blood serum of healthy adult persons

Jan Kobukowski, Joanna Ciborska, Jerzy Borowski, Micha Ostrowski 

The aim of this study was to determine the effect of coffee intake on the levels of some minerals in the blood serum of healthy adult volunteers. The results obtained showed that consumption of medium amounts of coffee (3 cups per day) did not cause any disturbances in sodium, potassium, calcium, phosphorus, magnesium and iron balance. Although an increase in iron and phosphorus levels in blood serum was observed, these minerals remained within the values of physiological standards for humans. 

Key words: coffee, sodium, potassium, calcium, phosphorus, magnesium, iron 

Concentration of calcium, sodium, potassium in serum, level of magnesium in erythrocytes and values of haematocrit and haemoglobin in the blood of horses in the autumn season

Anna Lubkowska, Maria Brzezińska 

The aim of this study was to determine the level of Ht, Hb, Mg in erythrocytes and Na, K, Ca in the blood serum of 38 Wielkopolska-breed horses during the autumn season. Values of haematological parameters were within the reference values for horses. Based on these results, the authors observed Na and K deficiencies within both groups. Additionally, statistically significant (p ≤ 0.05) but minus correlation coefficients (r = –0.325) were found between potassium and sodium. Concentrations of the remaining elements did not show interdependences. 

Key words: horses, haematological parameters, bioelements 

The influence of some factors on magnesium occurence in teeth

Piotr Malara, Jerzy Kwapuliński, Jan Drugacz 

Magnesium plays an important role in the physiology of calcified tooth tissue. A lot of factors influence magnesium content in these tissues. 
The aim of this study is an estimation of the influence of tooth type (incisors, canines, premolars, molars) and the donor’s sex and age on magnesium occurrence in the tooth structure. 
Material consisted of 201 permanent teeth from inhabitants of Ruda Slaska in the age range of 20 to 68 years (96 teeth from men and 105 teeth from women). Magnesium content in teeth was determined by atomic absorption spectrometry after wet mineralization of samples with spectrally pure nitric acid. 
The mean magnesium content in teeth of the whole group of donors was 5049.60 ± 529.12 μ/g. A higher content of this element is found in women’s teeth (5188.91 ± 423.15 μ/g) compared to men’s teeth (4781.15 ± 606.41 μg/g). These contents are differentiated in relation to tooth type. Moreover, there is high negative correlation between magnesium content in teeth and the donor’s age. 

Key words: magnesium, teeth, atomic absorption spectrometry 

Influence of chemotherapy containing doxorubicin on concentrations of magnesium and calcium in the serum of patients with breast cancer

Wiesawa Ogrodnik, Bożenna Karczmarek-Borowska, Kazimierz Pasternak, Krystyna Grądziel 

Magnesium and calcium are important components of the human organism. They are in physiological concentrations in healthy man, but concentrations of these elements in serum is changed in many diseases and after treatment with some drugs. 
Our study determined the influence of doxorubicin, an antineoplastic agent, on concentrations of magnesium and calcium in the serum of patients with breast cancer. The average value of concentrations of magnesium and calcium were decreased after the third cycle of chemotherapy with doxorubicin, but results were not statistically significant. 

Key words: breast cancer, doxorubicin, magnesium, calcium 

Does oral magnesium supplementation change the lead magnesium concentration in the hair in analysis ?

Anna Sałacka, Tadeusz Kozielec 

The statistical analysis estimating the concentration of lead magnesium in hair was based on samples taken from 124 people aged 19-72. The sample group consisted of 32 people receiving magnesium. The control group received placebo. Lead and calcium were marked twice : before and after the supplementation. 
The supplement Slow-Mag B6 was given in the form of five tablets a day for a period of three months. For marking the elements in hair a method of inversional voltamperometry was used with the EDD – Tribo PC – ETP voltamperometer. The statistical analysis showed that the concentration of lead in the sample group was significantly lower (p < 0.01) after magnesium supplementation. The concentration of magnesium significantly increased (p < 0.04) after the supplementation. 
On the basis of statistical analysis of the hair analysis, we noticed a decreased concentration after oral magnesium supplementation. 

Key words: magnesium, lead, magnesium supplementation, hair