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The problem of fluoride poisoning in Senegal: an overview and a description of a novel method of removing fluoride from drinking waters |
Cahiers d'études et de recherches francophones / Santé . Volume 6, Number 1, 27-36, Janvier-Février 1996, Synthèse
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 Résumé
 Summary
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Author(s) : Maxime Pontié, Michel Rumeau, Mariama Ndiaye, Codou Mar Diop, Laboratoire de physicochimie des interfaces et des milieux réactionnels, Université de Tours, Faculté des Sciences, 37200 Tours, France, ELF GRL BTE, BP 34, 64170 Lacq, France, Laboratoire des procédés de séparation à membranes et de purification (LPSMP), École nationale supérieure universitaire de technologie (ENSUT), Université Cheikh Anta Diop, BP 5085, Dakar, Sénégal.. |
Summary : Fluoride intoxication is a serious public health problem in Senegal. The concentration of fluoride ions in underground water in Senegal is higher than the acceptable standard (0.7 mg/l at 25° C) varying between 5 and 15 mg/l according to the season. The hydrological pattern of fluoride ions in Senegalese water is presented. The high levels of fluoride ions are due to the presence of phosphate ores. The health problems associated with the ingestion of toxic doses (about 4 mg/l) are discussed. Epidemiological investigation shows that the intoxication in Senegal is serious. In addition to fluoride in drinking water, high levels are also found in food, particularly tea and vegetables. Nanofiltration is a low cost membrane-based process which can be used to eliminate fluoride from drinking waters. Also known as low pressure reverse osmosis, this process is selective for small molecules and ions. It can thus sterilize and partially demineralize water. Furthermore, it can required only small amounts of energy, such that it can be run from photoelectric cells. |
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