Breast tomosynthesis is a new imaging technique allowing 3D analysis of the breast with X rays. Many studies have demonstrated its capability to improve cancer detection but also breast abnormalities, with increased sensitivity and specificity relative to conventional 2D mammography. Presently, in France, this technique is used in addition to 2D mammography, which involves a high radiation dose. The development of 3D mammography, based on the reconstruction of tomosynthesis data, would resolve this important issue and replace conventional 2D mammography in the future.