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Acute Campylobacter enterocolitis, an emerging infectious disease: from bacteriology to treatment Volume 24, issue 4, Avril 2017

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Author
Centre hospitalier de Marne-la-Vallée,
service d’hépato-gastro-entérologie,
2-4 cours de la Gondoire 77 600 Jossigny,
France

Campylobacteriosis is considered as one of the main foodborne zoonosis in humans worldwide. In most industrialized countries, the incidence of Campylobacter infections has become the leading cause of acute bacterial diarrhoea in front salmonellosis. The main route of transmission to humans is linked either to the cross-contamination of raw foods or insufficiently cooked from contaminated meat or to the consumption of raw or undercooked meat. Poultry meat is the most frequently and heavily contaminated with the bacteria. C. jejuni and C. coli are the two most frequently encountered representing 80-90% and 5-10% of human campylobacteriosis, respectively. Even if the infection is usually mild, Campylobacter enteritis can progress to serious complications with bacteremia and extra-digestive infections and Guillain-Barré syndrome. Campylobacter is one of the main infectious agents implicated in the occurrence of this acute polyradiculo-neuropathy. There is an increased resistance to antibiotics, associated to a large part to their use in farmed animal and more particularly to quinolones. In France, quinolone resistance rates above 56% and 65%, respectively for C. jejuni and C. coli. Treatment with macrolide is therefore the first-line treatment, the resistance rate being only 2.5%.