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Transcranial direct current stimulation improves seizure control in patients with Rasmussen encephalitis Volume 18, issue 1, March 2016

Figure 1

Two types of transcranial electrical stimulation. Transcranial direct current stimulation (t-DCS) and modulated transcranial direct current stimulation (mt-DCS) at 12 Hz. The offset current of mt-DCS was 1.15 mA and peak-to-peak current was 0.85 mA.

Figure 2

(A) Typical coronal T2-weighted MRI finding of Patient 4 showing diffuse right hemisphere atrophy. (B) Ictal EEG of Patient 4 showed right fronto-central rhythmic 2-Hz spike-wave activity (arrow; upper panel) with build-up into 4-Hz rhythmic theta patterns (middle panel) during twitching of the left side of her mouth. Seizure activity then spread into the left hemisphere (lower panel). Filters: low frequency: 0.5; high frequency: 70 Hz; notch filter.

Figure 3

Weekly seizure frequency after cathodal stimulation in four cases with temporary prominent decreases in seizure frequency. Each colour represents a patient. Note that Patients 1 and 2 had modulated and Patients 3 and 4 classic t-DCS. The fifth patient, who reported no change in seizure frequency, is not included.