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Limited resection of focal cortical dysplasia and associated epileptogenic cortex may lead to positive surgical outcome Volume 13, issue 4, December 2011

Blümcke I, Thom M, Aronica E, et al. The clinicopathologic spectrum of focal cortical dysplasias: A consensus classification proposed by an ad-hoc Task Force of the ILAE Diagnostic Methods Commission. Epilepsia 2011 ; 52 : 158-174.

Boonyapisit K, Najm I, Klem G, et al. Epileptogenicity of focal cortical malformations due to abnormal development: Direct electrocorticographic-histopathologic correlations. Epilepsia 2003 ; 44 : 69-76.

Cepeda C, Hurst RS, Flores-Hernadez J, et al. Morphological and electrophysiological characterization of abnormal cell types in pediatric cortical dysplasia. J Neurosci Res 2003 ; 72 : 472-486.

Chang E, Wang D, Barkovich J, et al. Predictors of seizure freedom after surgery for malformations of cortical development. Ann Neurol 2011 ; 70 : 151-162.

Chassoux F, Devau B, Landre E, et al. Stereoelectroencephalography in focal cortical dysplasia. A 3D approach to delineating the dysplastic cortex. Brain 2000 ; 123 : 1733-1751.

Colombo N, Salamon N, Raybaud C, Ozkara G, Barkovich J.A. Imaging of malformations of cortical development. Epileptic Disord 2009 ; 11 : 194-205.

Federico P, Archer JS, Abbott DF, Jackson G.D. Cortical/subcortical BOLD changes associated with epileptic discharges. Neurology 2005 ; 64 : 1125-1130.

Focke NK, Symms MR, Burdett JL, Duncan J.S. Voxel-based analysis of whole brain FLAIR at 3T detects focal cortical dysplasia. Epilepsia 2008 ; 49 : 786-793.

Francione S, Nobili L, Cardinale F, Citterio A, Galli C, Tassi L. Intra-lesional stereo-EEG activity in Taylor's focal cortical dysplasia. Epileptic Disord 2003 ; 5 : 105-114.

Kim DW, Lee SK, Chu KI, et al. Predictors of surgical outcome and pathologic considerations in focal cortical dysplasia. Neurology 2009 ; 72 : 211-216.

Krsek P, Pieper T, Karlmeier A, et al. Different presurgical characteristics and seizure outcomes in children with focal cortical dysplasia type I or II. Epilepsia 2009 ; 50 : 125-137.

Krsek P, Maton B, Jayakar P, et al. Incomplete resection of focal cortical dysplasia is the main predictor of poor surgical outcome. Neurology 2009 ; 72 : 217-223.

Lerner JT, Salamon N, Hauptman JS, et al. Assessment and surgical outcomes for mild type I and severe type II cortical dysplasia: A critical review and the UCLA experience. Epilepsia 2009 ; 50 : 1310-1335.

Marusic P, Najm I, Ying Z, et al. Focal Cortical Dysplasias in eloquent cortex: Functional characteristics and correlation with MRI and histopathologic findings. Epilepsia 2002 ; 43 : 27-32.

Palmini A. Electrophysiology of the focal cortical dysplasias. Epilepsia 2010 ; 51 : 23-26.

Palmini A, Gambardella A, Andermann F, et al. Intrinsic epileptogenicity of human dysplastic cortex as suggested by electrocorticography and surgical results. Ann Neurol 1995 ; 37 : 476-487.

Palmini A, Najm I, Avanzini G, et al. Terminology and classification of the cortical dysplasias. Neurology 2004; 62: S2-S8.

Perry MS, Dunoyer C, Dean P, et al. Predictors of seizure freedom after incomplete resection in children. Neurology 2010 ; 75 : 1448-1453.

Sarkis RA, Jehi LA, Bingaman WE, Najm I.M. Surgical outcome following resection of rolandic focal cortical dysplasia. Epilepsy Res 2010 ; 90 : 240-247.

Tassi L, Colombo N, Garbelli R, et al. Focal cortical dysplasia: Neuropathological subtypes, EEG, neuroimaging and surgical outcome. Brain 2002 ; 125 : 1719-1732.

Tyvaert L, Hawco C, Kobayashi E, LeVan P, Dubeau F, Gotman J. Different structures involved during ictal and interictal activity in malformations of cortical development: an EEG-fMRI study. Brain 2008 ; 131 : 2042-2060.

Urbach H, Scheffler B, Heinrichsmeier T, et al. Focal Cortical Dysplasia of Taylor's balloon-cell type: a clinicopathological entity with characteristic neuroimaging and histopathological features and favorable post-surgical outcome. Epilepsia 2002 ; 34 : 33-40.

Widdess-Walsh P, Jeha L, Nair D, Kotagal P, Bingaman W, Najm I. Subdural electrode analysis in focal cortical dysplasia: predictors of surgical outcome. Neurology 2007 ; 69 : 660-667.

Woermann FG, Volmar C. Clinical MRI in children and adults with focal epilepsy: A critical review. Epilepsy Behav 2009 ; 15 : 40-49.