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Complex sleep-disordered breathing after vagus nerve stimulation: broadening the spectrum of adverse events of special interest Volume 22, issue 6, December 2020

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  • Complex sleep-disordered breathing after vagus nerve stimulation: broadening the spectrum of adverse events of special interest
  • Complex sleep-disordered breathing after vagus nerve stimulation: broadening the spectrum of adverse events of special interest

Figures


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Tables

Authors
1 Department of Neurosciences and Mental Health, Hospital de Santa Maria, Centro Hospitalar Universitário Lisboa Norte, Lisbon, Portugal
2 Institute of Physiology Unit, Instituto de Medicina Molecular, Faculty of Medicine, University of Lisbon, Portugal
3 Neurosciences Research Centre, Molecular and Clinical Sciences Research Institute, St George's, University of London & Department of Neurology, St George's University Hospitals NHS Foundation Trust, London, UK
4 Instituto de Medicina Molecular, Faculty of Medicine, University of Lisbon, Portugal
5 Department of Thorax, Hospital de Santa Maria, Centro Hospitalar Universitário Lisboa Norte, Lisbon, Portugal
6 Instituto Gulbenkian Ciência, Oeiras, Portugal
7 Department of Otorhinolaryngology, Hospital de Santa Maria, Centro Hospitalar Universitário Lisboa Norte, Lisbon, Portugal
* Correspondence: Miguel Oliveira Santos Department of Neurosciences and Mental Health, Hospital de Santa Maria, Centro Hospitalar Universitário Lisboa Norte, Lisbon, Portugal Institute of Physiology Unit, Instituto de Medicina Molecular, Faculty of Medicine, University of Lisbon, Portugal

Two young males with refractory epilepsy of unknown aetiology were referred for vagus nerve stimulation (VNS). Sleep disturbances emerged following VNS parameter changes. In Patient 1, video-polysomnogram (PSG) disclosed snoring and catathrenia in non-REM sleep. Central apnoea also occurred, but more rarely. In Patient 2, video-PSG showed mixed apnoea with desaturation and episodes of stridor followed by a catathrenia-like sound. A drug-induced sleep endoscopy (DISE) revealed, during VNS OFF time, glossoptosis, “trap door” of the epiglottis, and paresis of the left side of the larynx and ipsilateral vocal cords. During ON time, there were periods of pharyngeal collapse, in which video-PSG revealed patterns suggestive of both obstructive and central sleep apnoea. All these sleep-related phenomena were coincident with VNS ON time. In the first patient, VNS parameter adjustment was sufficient to successfully reverse all the symptoms, whereas the other patient required concomitant treatment with continuous positive airway pressure. The data broaden our knowledge about sleep disorders related to VNS, in particular stridor and catathrenia. We suggest that central sleep apnoea may be associated with laryngeal occlusion. DISE may be considered in selected cases as a valuable clinical tool to evaluate, in a single session, the effectiveness of multiple VNS parameter changes on respiration and laryngeal side effects. [Published with video sequences].