Figures
Figure 1
Eosin treatment reduces leukocyte infiltration in psoriatic skin. Haematoxylin and eosin staining of psoriatic skin before (A ) and after (B ) eosin treatment; sections of skin specimens from a representative patient are shown (bars represent 200 μm). C , D ) Histograms showing cellular infiltration (number of cells present in a field) in skin sections (C ) and extension of the epidermal ridges before and after eosin treatment (D ); data are reported as the mean for all patients ± SD; *p <0.05 (Student's t-test).
Figure 1
Figure 2
Eosin treatment reduces dendritic and T-cell infiltration in psoriatic skin. Immunohistochemical staining of psoriatic skin before (A , C , E ) and after (B , D , F ) eosin treatment with monoclonal anti-CD1a antibody (A , B ), polyclonal anti-CD3 antibody (C , D ), or anti-CD83 (E , F ); sections of skin specimens from a representative patient are shown (bars represent 100 μm).
Figure 2
Figure 3
Eosin treatment reduces neutrophilic granulocyte infiltration. Immunohistochemical staining of psoriatic skin before (A ) and after (B ) eosin treatment with monoclonal anti-CD15 antibody. C ) Munro's microabscesses are observed in the stratum corneum. Sections of skin specimens from a representative patient are shown (bars represent 100 μm in [A ] and [B ], and 200 μm in [C ]).
Figure 3
Figure 4
Eosin treatment reduces VEGF-A expression in epidermal keratinocytes. Immunohistochemical staining of psoriatic skin before (A , C ) and after (B , D ) eosin treatment with monoclonal antibody anti-CD31/PECAM (A , B ) or anti-VEGF-A (C , D ). Sections of skin specimens from a representative patient are shown (bars represent 100 μm in [A ] and [B ], 200 μm in [C ] and [D ]).
Figure 4
Figure 5
The effect of eosin treatment on proliferation of cultured ψK and HDMEC. (A ) Three ψK strains, ψ45, ψ47, ψ48, were treated with different concentrations of eosin for the indicated times, and proliferation was evaluated by crystal violet incorporation and absorbance measurement at 540 nm. (B ) HDMEC were treated with different concentrations of eosin for 24 hours, and BrdU incorporation was measured as a direct indicator of cell proliferation at 450 nm (as in [A ]). Data are shown as mean densitometric values of four samples ± SD. *p< 0.05 (Student's t-test). Experiments were repeated at least three times with similar results.
Figure 5
Figure 6
Eosin treatment of cultured ψK reduces secretion of inflammatory cytokines and VEGF-A. Conditioned media from three different ψK strains, ψ45, ψ47, ψ48, were analysed by ELISA after incubation with IFN-γ or IFN-γ and eosin. Results are presented as the mean (pg/106 cells ± SD) for the three ψK strains from independent experiments. *p <0.001 (Student's t-test).
Figure 6
Figure 7
Eosin treatment of cultured HDMEC reduces secretion of inflammatory cytokines and angiopoietin-2. HDMEC conditioned media were analysed by ELISA after incubation with medium alone (untreated), eosin, or after stimulation with the indicated cytokine or with cytokine and eosin. Results are presented as the mean (ng/106 cells ± SD) of at least three independent experiments. *p <0.05 (Student's t-test).
Figure 7
Tables
Authors
1 Laboratory of Experimental Immunology,
3 Rare Disease Centre, Istituto Dermopatico dell’Immacolata-IRCCS, via Monti di Creta 104, 00167 Rome, Italy
4 Dept. of Oncology and Molecular Medicine, Istituto Superiore di Sanità (ISS), viale Regina Elena 299, 00161 Rome, Italy
5 National Institute for Health, Migration and Poverty (NIHMP), via di S. Gallicano 25, 00153 Rome, Italy
Psoriasis is a chronic inflammatory disease characterized by erythemato-squamous plaques with epidermal hyperplasia, increased vascularity, and a dermal mixed infiltrate of dendritic cells, T-lymphocytes, and natural killer cells [1]. Neutrophilic granulocytes are also key infiltrating cells in plaque psoriasis, where they are attracted by chemokines, growth-related oncogene α, and interleukin (IL)-8, released by activated keratinocytes and endothelial cells [2].The dialogue between psoriatic keratinocytes, [...]