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Experimental colitis in rats induces de novo synthesis of cytokines at distant intestinal sites: role of capsaicin-sensitive primary afferent fibers Volume 27, issue 2, June 2016

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Authors
1 Department of Anatomy, Cell Biology and Physiology,
2 Department of Internal Medicine,
American University of Beirut, Beirut-Lebanon
PO Box 113-6044, Hamra 110-32090, Beirut, Lebanon
* Correspondence: F.H. Mourad, Department of Anatomy, Cell Biology and Physiology, American University of Beirut, Beirut-Lebanon PO Box 113-6044, Hamra 110-32090, Beirut, Lebanon

Introduction

Increased levels of pro- and anti-inflammatory cytokines were observed in various segments of histologically-intact small intestine in animal models of acute and chronic colitis. Whether these cytokines are produced locally or spread from the inflamed colon is not known. In addition, the role of gut innervation in this upregulation is not fully understood.