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 Printable version |
HIV mother-to-child transmission |
Virologie. Volume 2, Number 6, 471-80, Novembre - Décembre 1998, Revues
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 Résumé
Article gratuit
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Author(s) : M.-L. Chaix-Baudier, M. Burgard, N. Ngo, C. Rouzioux |
Summary : Human immunodeficiency virus (HIV1) mother-to-child transmission is estimated to 20 % without any preventive antiretroviral treatment and may occur at different moments during pregnancy : in utero, in the last weeks preceeding delivery (30 %), and intra partum, at delivery (70 %). We aimed at describing the different virological mechanisms involved in HIV1 mother-to-child transmission. At the placenta level, trophoblastic cells seem to be infectable but viral replication is limited. At delivery, viral transmission risks are cumulated : the newborn is highly exposed to the virus as feto-maternal blood exchanges are sustained ; moreover the child is directly exposed through the genital tract to the maternal blood and the cervicovaginal secretions that both contain free viral particles and/or infected cells. Different mechanisms are obviously involved in this plurifactorial transmission. Three main groups of factors have been identified : virological factors, maternal factors and child genetic susceptibility linked factors. The identification of these parameters allows the definition of therapeutical models of prevention that should reduce mother-to-child HIV transmission. |
Keywords : HIV1– Mother to child transmission – Viral subtypes – Trophoblastic cells – Cervicovaginal secretions. |
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