ARTICLE
Influence of chemotherapy containing doxorubicin on
concentrations of magnesium and calcium in serum of patients with
breast cancer (pp 451-459)
Wiesława Ogrodnik, Bożenna Karczmarek- Borowska, Kazimierz
Pasternak, Krystyna Gradziel
Katedra i Zakład Biochemii i Biologii Molekularnej, AM w
Lublinie, Poland.
Magnesium and calcium are important components of human
organism. They are in physiological concentrations in healthy man,
but concentrations of these elements in serum change in many
diseases and after treatment with some drugs. Our study has
determined the influence of doxorubicin, antineoplastic agent, on
concentrations of magnesium and calcium in serum of patients with
breast cancer. The average value of concentrations of magnesium and
calcium has decreased after the third cycle of chemotherapy with
doxorubicin but results have not been statistically
significant.
Key words: breast cancer, doxorubicin, magnesium,
calcium.
Content of some minerals in the blood of broiler chickens (pp
461-467)
Wiesława Orowicz, Maria Brzezińska, Jadwiga Gardzielewska,
Małgorzata Jakubowska, Alicja Zielińska
Katedra Fizjologii, Uniwersytet Szczeciński, Al. Piastów 40B,
bl. 6, 71-065 Szczecin, Poland.
In this study 24 broiler chickens of Ross race
experimentally bred at the Agricultural University in Szczecin and
fed standard feed mixtures were tested. The birds were divided into
two age groups: I – five-week-old animals; II – six-week-old
animals. Ca, P, Mg, Fe concentrations were determined in the blood
serum and Na, K, Cl ions in the whole blood of the chickens. When
comparing the data obtained to the reference values for humans and
some races of animals it was found that the content of Ca, P, Mg,
Na and K was optimal, while that of Fe was very low and the
concentration of Cl- anions was very high. In 5-week-old chickens
the concentration of P, Mg, Fe and Na remained on a higher level
but that of Ca was lower relative to the group of older
chickens.
Key words: chickens, broilers, blood, bioelements.
Does oral magnesium supplementation change lead concentration
in hair of adults? (pp 477-482)
Anna Sałacka, Tadeusz Kozielec
Katedra i Zakład Medycyny Rodzinnej PAM, ul. Podgórna 22/23,
70-205 Szczecin, Poland.
The study was conducted on 124 persons (53 men and
71 women) aged from 19 to 72. Lead and magnesium concentration
was determined in hair. Inversion voltammetry (chronovoltammetry)
was used for determinations. Out of the total number of
124 individuals, 64 persons with elevated lead
concentration were distinguished. These persons were divided into
two groups: the treatment magnesium supplemented group
(50 persons) and the control group (15 persons) receiving
placebo. For supplementation, the preparation Slow – Mag B6 was
served for three months at five tablets/day, administered in two or
three doses. The whole period of supplementation was completed by
32 persons of the treatment group and 10 persons from the
control. The results underwent statistical analysis, which revealed
that the concentration of lead in hair decreased after the oral
magnesium supplementation.
Key words: magnesium, lead, magnesium supplementation,
hair.
Elements in crumb structure forming components in baking
products (pp 483-489)
Maria Soral-Śmietana, Małgorzata Wronkowska, Emilia
Markiewicz
Instytut Rozrodu Zwierz
ąt i Badań Żywności PAN, Oddział Nauki o Żywności, ul.
Tuwima 10, 10-747 Olsztyn, Poland.
The aim of this research was to analyse the content of elements
and their distribution resulting from technological processing
between two biopolymers – wheat starch and gluten protein complex
responsible for the structure of baking products. It was
ascertained that wheat flour (0.55% d.m. of ash) is the carrier of
macro- and microelements which can be shown in decreasing order:
phosphorus > potassium > magnesium > calcium > sodium
and iron > zinc > manganese > copper. The distribution of
elements between two biopolymers, starch and gluten proteins,
forming the structure of wheat dough, indicate their stronger
relation to proteins. The starch isolated from crumb of bread after
1 h of baking and after the consolidation of structure
(24 h) can be a source of phosphorus, sodium and potassium.
This suggests that the other elements show the tendency to interact
and/or bind with proteins, or they are in the system of
electrolytes of free water in the crumb structure.
Key words: wheat flour, starch, gluten, bread crumb,
elements.
Cationic composition of plants fertilized with the municipal
waste compost ,,Dano" (pp 491-498)
Wiesław Szulc, Beata Rutkowska, Jan Łabętowicz
Zakład Chemii Rolniczej, Katedra Nauk o Środowisku Glebowym,
SGGW Warszawa, ul. Nowoursynowska 159, 02-776 Warszawa,
Poland.
The aim of the study was to determine the influence of compost
produced from municipal waste on yield, ratios of cations in plants
and feed quality. The research was carried out in a pot experiment.
The experiment was established in sandy soils of pH = 4.0
and pH = 6.0. The compost ,,Dano” was applied to both
soils at rates: 100, 200, 300 and 400 g per pot.
The increase in yield of Lolium multiflorum and uptake of
K, Ca and Mg by plants was observed as a result of the compost
application. The content of potassium in plants was higher than the
permitted value for feed. The content of Ca and Mg in plants from
all the fertilization treatments was optimum for feed. The
K:(Ca + Mg) ratio value was differentiated depending on
the soil pH and fertilization. In compost fertilized acid soil it
was within the optimum range, whereas in the control objects and in
the objects treated exclusively with the mineral fertilizers the
K:(Ca + Mg) ratio exceeded the value of 2.2. The
K:(Ca + Mg) ratio in limed soil fertilized with compost
was within the optimum range and varied between 1.62 and 1.69. In
the control and mineral fertilization treated objects the ratio had
values below the optimum level. The K:Ca ratio value in Lolium
multiflorum was wider than the optimum range for any soil
reaction and fertilization treatment. On the other hand, the K:Mg
and Ca:Mg ratios were always narrower than the optimum values.
Key words: municipal waste compost ,,Dano”, potassium,
magnesium, calcium, plant, feed quality.
Estimation of manurial value of granulate with a municipal
sewage sludge base.
Part I. Yield, content and uptake f macroelements by maize (pp
499-507)
Józefa Wiater, Jadwiga Furczak, Adam Łukowski
Katedra Badań Technologicznych, Politechnika Białostocka, ul.
Wiejska 45A, 15-351 Białystok, Poland.
The study was based on a two-year pot experiment. The influence
of a new fertilizer made on a base of sewage sludge and KNO3 on
yield and content of macroelements in a test plant (maize) was
investigated. Direct effect of the granulate on maize,
independently of its dose, was comparable to that of mineral
fertilization. Its indirect effect was even more profitable. The
content of nitrogen and potassium in plants was higher as a result
of the direct effect of the granulate. The content of calcium was
higher after the indirect effect and the content of phosphorus and
magnesium was similar. The uptake of nitrogen and potassium by
maize in the first year of the experiment was much higher and
depended mainly on the content of these components in yield. The
accumulation phosphorus and magnesium was similar in plants
subjected to the direct and indirect effect of the granulate while
the calcium accumulation remained similar after the indirect
effect.
Key words: granulate, maize, macroelements.
Effect of magnesium and nickel on the content of macroelements
in yellow lupine (pp 509-515)
Mirosław Wyszkowski
Katedra Chemii Środowiska, UWM w Olsztynie, Pl. Łódzki 4,
10-727 Olsztyn, Poland.
The aim of the study was to determine the effect of magnesium
application (50 and 100 mgMg · kg-1 of soil) to soil
contaminated with nickel (100, 200, 300 and 400 mg Ni · kg-1
of soil) on the content of macroelements in yellow lupine. The
content of macroelements in yellow lupine was significantly
determined by both the soil contamination with nickel and the
application of magnesium. A high content of nickel in the soil
favoured the accumulation of nitrogen, phosphorus, magnesium and
calcium in aerial parts of yellow lupine. On the other hand, it did
not favor the accumulation of potassium, which was mainly due to
the occurrence of the so-called “concentration effect” in the
objects characterized by a highly significant decrease in the
yield. The application of magnesium into soil limited the effect of
nickel on the content of some macroelements in yellow lupine. The
content of nitrogen, phosphorus and potassium in the objects
heavily contaminated with nickel from the magnesium series was
lower than in the control series (soil without magnesium
application). The statistical analysis of the results indicated the
existence of significant and highly significant correlations
between the following factors: soil contamination with nickel –
magnesium application – yellow lupine yield – content of
macroelements in plants.
Key words: nickel contamination, magnesium application,
yellow lupine, content of macroelements
Variations in some blood minerals related to bone remodeling
and haematopoiesis in rheumatoid arthritis (pp 531-536)
R. S. Amin, F.R. Adallah, N. M. Abdel-Hamid
Lecturer of Biochemistry, Faculty of Pharmacy, El-Minia
University, Egypt.
To estimate the blood levels of total and ionized calcium (Ca
and Ca++ ) magnesium (Mg), phosphorus (P), copper
(Cu), zinc (Zn), iron (Fe) and total iron binding capacity (TIBC)
in a group of patients suffering from rheumatoid arthritis (RA) who
complained of polyarthritic pains and showed positive rheumatoid
factor (Rf) test results. This is a trial to assess the metal
status in RA patients, a knowledge that may help in better
understanding of other markers relevant to the disease or to
investigate possible alternative treatment regimens, depending on
metal level preservation or restoration. Twenty apparently healthy
men (aged 35 to 50 years) were classified into two groups of
10 individuals each. The first was a group of RA patients who
showed positive Rf and negative C reactive proteins (i.e. of old
polyarthritic complaint), the second was a group of negative Rf
individuals, not complaining of any arthritic pains and of matching
age, who served as control. Serum total Ca level showed a
significant (p < 0.001) decrease, and
Ca++ decreased non-significantly in RA. However, P
level was significantly increased (p< 0.001), Mg was
nonsignificantly decreased and Cu was non-significantly increased
in RA patients. Both Zn, Fe and TIBC were significantly higher
(p < 0.001) in RA than in normal individuals. The results
lead to the suggestion that in addition to being an autoimmune
disease, RA is also associated with serum mineral disturbances;
thus, serum total Ca decrease may exaggerate the rheumatoid
arthritic symptoms without apparent change in ionized portion of
calcium with a concomitant elevation in P level. Calcium
preservation may be of value in ameliorating symptoms of bone
metabolic disturbances in RA patients instead of medications that
possibly aggravate Ca depletion. Supplementation of other minerals
like Mg, Fe, and Zn may also improve haematopoiesis and oxidative
stress because both anaemia and oxidative stress were reported to
accompany RA. Thus, mineral preservation may be a very important
treatment trend in RA instead of systems that may trigger the
symptoms through unexpected mineral disturbances.
Key words: Rheumatoid arthritis, total and ionized
calcium, phosphorus, magnesium, copper, zinc, iron.
Effect of lead and quercetin administration on magnesium
exchange in tissues of experimental rats (pp 543-549)
Iryna Andrusishina, Vasyl Stezhka, Elena Lampeka, Inna
Holub
Institute for Occupational Health AMS of Ukraine,
Saksaganskogo 75, Kyiv 01033, Ukraine.
The study was conducted on adult rats which were
intra-abdominally administered 1:100 LD50 lead acetate. Lead
caused increased levels of these metals in blood, with the highest
rise observed in brain tissues. Administration of Pb2+
and Pb2+ + quercetin affected the Mg:Ca
balance, which in turn was connected with the Mg levels in brain.
The changes depended on the type of tissue. Quercetin demonstrated
protective action by increasing magnesium in tissues of the
treatment animals.
Key words: lead, magnesium, quercetin.
Liming as a treatment for modification of the uptake and
contentof magnesium in yield of winter rye (pp 551-558)
Teresa Bowszys, Danuta Bobrzecka, Jadwiga Wierzbowska, Jerzy
Czapla
Katedra Chemii Rolnej i Ochrony Środowiska, UWM Olsztyn, ul.
Oczapowskiego 8, 10-744 Olsztyn, Poland
In 2001-2003, field experiments on fertilization of two hybrids
of winter rye, Nawid F1, Ursus F1 and the population cultivar
Dańkowskie Złote, growing on light soils, were carried out.
Balanced fertilization was applied in the limed (CaO
1.76 t × ha-1) and control series. Simple
fertilizers such as ammonium nitrate (before sowing), urea
(top-dressing), triple superphosphate, potash salt 56% as well as
multicomponent fertilizers: Polifoska 8, Polimag 305, Luboplon 4
and Lubofoska were applied. The lowest magnesium content was found
in seeds of winter rye of the hybrid variety Ursus F31 (1.2 g
Mg × kg-1). The Mg concentration in the hybrid
Nawid F1 and in the population cultivar Dańkowskie Złote (on
average – 1.30 g Mg × kg-1 d.m.). A
similar tendency was found for the magnesium content in rye straw.
The removal of magnesium with yield significantly depended on
liming and rye variety. Cultivar Ursus assimilated the lowest rates
of that component (8.4 kg per 1 ha) in contrast to cv.
Nawid, which assimilated on average 9.1 kg Mg per
1 ha.
Key words: winter rye, cultivars, liming, multicomponent
fertilizers, magnesium.
Content of minerals in colostrum, milk and blood plasma of sows
fed fodder supplemented with microbial phytase (pp 569-576)
Anna Czech, Eugeniusz R. Grela, Renata Klebaniuk, Tomasz
Bil
Katedra Biochemii i Toksykologii, A R w Lublinie, ul.
Akademicka 13, 20-950 Lublin, Poland.
The purpose of this experiment was to assess the effect of
microbial phytase supplementation of feed mixes for sows on the
content of minerals in the animals’ blood plasma, colostrum and
milk. The experiment involved 60 PL x PLW crossbred sows,
divided into 3 groups. Group I sows were fed a standard feed
mix. The nutritive value of all the diets complied with the NRC
requirements (1998), while the level of phosphorus was supplemented
by adding CaHPO4. Group II sows (the control) were fed
the same feed mixes as group I, but without inorganic phosphorus
supplementation. Group III sows received the same feed mixes as
group II, supplemented with microbial phytase (500 PU
kg-1 of feed). The feed mixes contained cereals (barley,
oats, wheat) and protein feeds (rapeseed meal, soybean meal).
Colostrum samples were taken from 8 sows in each group
4-6 h after farrowing and milk and blood samples were
collected on 21st day of lactation. Blood samples were
taken 3-4 h after feeding. The concentration of P, Ca, Na, K,
Mg, Fe, Cu and Zn was determined in colostrum, milk and blood
plasma by ASA technique. In addition, the total phosphorus content
was estimated according to the norm PN76/R-64781. The level of
phosphorus, zinc and copper in colostrum, milk and blood plasma of
sows fed the diet supplemented with microbial phytase increased.
Supplemental phytase had no influence on the content of calcium,
magnesium, sodium, potassium or iron in colostrum, milk or blood
plasma of sows.
Key words: sows, phytase, colostrum, milk, blood plasma,
minerals.
Magnesium and calcium in tissues of rats receiving different
doses of lithium in drinking water (pp 591-597)
Małgorzata Kiełczykowska, Kazimierz Pasternak, Jolanta
Wrońska, Irena Musik
Katedra i Zakład Chemii Ogólnej AM im. Feliksa
Skubiszewskiego w Lublinie, ul. Staszica 4, 20-081 Lublin,
Poland.
Lithium is widely used in medicine, mainly in psychiatry. Its
administration can exert negative side effects including
disturbances in the water-electrolyte equilibrium. Therefore, the
present study has been undertaken to examine the influence of
different lithium doses administered in drinking water on magnesium
and calcium concentration in tissues of rats. The results showed
that Li exposure for a period of 4 weeks caused increase in
tissue Mg concentration. In the case of Ca, a decreasing trend was
observed. Medium doses of lithium as well as the highest one the
case of Mg exerted the most significant influence.
Key words: lithium, magnesium, calcium, rats,
tissues.
Magnesium content in daily food rations used in mass nutrition
of young men (pp 599-607)
Anna Kłos, Jerzy Bertrandt, Elżbieta Stężycka, Eugeniusz
Rozmysł, Tomasz Ciągadlak
Zakład Badania Żywności i Fizjologii Żywienia, Wojskowy
Instytut Higieny i Epidemiologii, ul. Kozielska 4,
01-163 Warszawa, Poland.
The aim of the work was to estimate magnesium content in daily
food rations, planned and given for consumption for mass nourished
young men (aged 19-23), either doing military service and or kept
under arrest. A total of 243 daily food rations were assessed
in 2002 and 2003. Moreover, based on the survey dietary
supplementation with pharmaceutical preparations containing
magnesium was assessed. It was found that the mean magnesium
content in daily food rations planned for consumption for young men
doing military service varied from 164.8% and 185.9% of the safe
level norm. The magnesium content in rations given for consumption
fulfilled the requirements at 134.2% and 133.9%, respectively. The
magnesium amounts planned in the menus covered the safe level norms
for young men at 94.3% and 91.9%, respectively. The average
magnesium content in the rations given for consumption met the
requirements at 70.0% and 71.4%, respectively. Among the young men
doing military service 7.1% took different preparations which
supplied 89.4 mg magnesium every daily. Taking into
consideration this magnesium supplementation, the average magnesium
intake exceeded the norm reaching 159.8% and 159.5%. Dietary
supplementation was more common among detainees. Additional vitamin
and mineral preparations were taken by 78% of the examined group.
The amount of the magnesium ingested both with food rations and
with mineral preparations was 378.1 mg in 2002 and
382.8 mg in 2003. These values corresponded to 108.0% and
109.4% of the safe level norm.
Key words: magnesium, daily food ration, diet
supplements.
Blood magnesium in patients with dislipidemia and effect of
oral magnesium supplementation (slow – mag B6) of serum
lipids (pp 609-615)
Tadeusz Kozielec, Dariusz Chlubek, Lilia Kotkowiak, Piotr
Michoń, Iwona Noceń
Katedra i Zakład Medycyny Rodzinnej PAM, ul. Podgórna 22/23,
70-205 Szczecin, Poland.
Magnesium concentration in blood serum of patients with
dislipidemia was measured. In all the cases, magnesium
concentration in blood was lower than the reference values. After
oral magnesium supplementation with the preparation Slow-Mag
B6 (320 mg/day) for three months the following
changes were observed in the patients: magnesium and HDL fraction
concentration increased, which correlated with a decrease in total
cholesterol level, TG and LDL concentration.
Key words: magnesium, dislipidemia, magnesium
supplementation.
Ionic balance of spring barley and grain yield at different
organic-mineral and mineral fertilization (pp 617-625)
Sławomir Krzebietke, Stanisław Sienkiewicz
Katedra Chemii Rolnej i Ochrony Środowiska, UWM Olsztyn, ul.
Oczapowskiego 8, 10-744 Olsztyn, Poland
The purpose of the study was to determine the effect of
organic-mineral and mineral fertlization on the ionic balance of
spring barley at BBCH-31 phase, cultivated in a long-term
static field trial. Barley plants were assayed for the
concentration of Norg, Ca+2, Mg+2,
K+, Na+, NH4+,
H2PO4-,
NO3-,SO42- and
Cl-. In addition, R-COO- quantity was
calculated. Manure had a strong effect on the content of cations
and anions in the test plants. On the other hand, the mineral
fertilizers changed most strongly the concentration of
K+ and Cl-, having a weaker influence on the
other ions. Accumulation of organic anions was depressed due to the
effect produced by the mineral fertilizers, in contrast to manure,
which significantly increased their content. The concentration of
cations and anions in plants at the intense growth phase can have a
considerable effect on the yield volume.
Key words: ionic balance, fertilization, FYM, spring
barley.
Magnesium, calcium and iron levels in blood serum of children
with otitis media with effusion (pp 639-645)
Grażyna Niedzielska, Piotr Szczepański, Krystyna
Caruk
Klinika Otolaryngologii Dzieci
ęcej, Foniatrii i Audiologii, AM w Lublinie, ul. Chodźki 2,
20-093 Lublin, Poland.
Otitis media with effusion is a common pediatric illness, which
is characterized by production of exudative fluid in the tympanic
cavity. There are many hypotheses explaining this phenomenon, but
precise etiology still remains unclear. The aim of the research was
to assess the serum level of magnesium, calcium and iron in
children suffering from the exudative otitis media. The research
was conducted on a group of 29 children with exudation
confirmed by otoscopy and audiometry. The results were analyzed
statistically and compared with those obtained from the control
group of healthy children. The research showed that the levels of
iron and magnesium were significantly depressed. There were no
differences in the level of calcium.
Key words: trace elements, otitis media with
effusion.
The contents of potassium, magnesium, calcium and sodium in hot
pepper fruit after Ca2+ treatment
(pp 667-673)
Irena Perucka, Małgorzata Materska, Kamila Maliborska
Katedra Chemii, AR w Lublinie, ul. Akademicka 15,
20-950 Lublin, Poland.
The influence of Ca2+ on the content of
K+, Mg2+ and Ca2+ in fruit of two
hot pepper cultivars Bronowicka Ostra and Cyklon and the semi-hot
cv. Tornado was investigated. Calcium ions were applied onto
seedlings of pepper plants. Red fruits were harvested and analyzed
three times at the end of July, August and September. The fruit of
the semi-hot pepper was characterized by a higher potassium and
magnesium content than the hot pepper cultivars. The time of
harvesting influenced significantly the quality of fruit in terms
of mineral bio-compounds. It was found that during the growth of
plants the level of magnesium ions increased while that potassium
decreased. The Ca2+ treatments on seedlings produced
some effect mainly on the potassium and calcium levels in pepper
fruits. The content of potassium in cv. Bronowicka Ostra and Cyklon
fruit harvested in the first term, and that of calcium in the
second term was higher than in the control fruit. The
Ca2+ treatments on the hot pepper cultivars had no
significant effect on the Mg2+ content. It was only in
the fruit of the semi-hot culitvar Tornado harvested in the second
term that the treatment resulted in a depressed Mg2+
level compared to the control.
Key words: Capsicum annuum L., macroelements,
calcium ions.
Contribution of oligocene water to the daily magnesium intake
among adults in Warsaw (pp 675-681)
Barbara Pietruszka, Izabela Rybarczyk
Katedra Żywienia Człowieka, SGGW w Warszawie, ul.
Nowoursynowska 159c, 02-776 Warszawa, Poland.
The aim of the study was to estimate the magnesium intake with
Oligocene water by adults living in Warsaw. Oligocene water intake
(as beverages, with soups and dishes) was assessed by the
questionnaire method. The content of Mg in 40 water samples
from different wells was determined by the flame atomic absorption
spectrometry method. The average Oligocene water intake was
1.1 dm3 × day-1. The
average magnesium intake was
15.5 mg × dm-3 (median), ranging from 7.1
to 19.5 mg × dm-3. The average magnesium
intake was sufficient to cover ca 6% of the Polish RDA for adults
(maximum 24%).
Key words: Oligocene water, magnesium, water intake.
Magnesium concentration in light soils fertilized with sewage
sludge (691-700)
Leszek Rogalski, Agnieszka Bęś
Katedra Ochrony powietrza i Toksykologii Środowiska, UWM w
Olsztynie, Pl. Łódzki 2, 10-726 Olsztyn, Poland.
In a series of pot experiments light soil from mine overlay and
barren land was fertilized with sewage sludge prior to grass
growing. The concentrations of available and total magnesium in the
soil deposits, and its correlations and regressions with other
elements, were determined. Sewage sludge caused a significant
increase in magnesium concentration in the soil deposits. Available
Mg was characterized by higher coefficients of correlations with
other elements and interactions with other factors compared with
total Mg.
Key words: magnesium, sewage sludge, light soil,
correlation, regression.
Magnesium concentration in grasses grown on light soils
fertilized with sewage sludge (pp 701-706)
Leszek Rogalski, Agnieszka Bęś
Katedra Ochrony powietrza i Toksykologii Środowiska, UWM w
Olsztynie, Pl. Łódzki 2, 10-726 Olsztyn, Poland.
A grass mixture composed of red fescue, perennial ryegrass and
meadow bluegrass was grown on light soils fertilized with sewage
sludge. Total Mg concentration, correlations and regressions
between selected forms of macro- and microelements were determined
in the plant material collected. It was found that magnesium
concentration was highly significantly correlated with the majority
of the macro- and microelements analyzed.
Key words: magnesium, light soil, grasses, sewage
sludge.
Effect of magnesium on consumption and technological quality of
cv. Mila potato tubers (pp 707-716)
Ilona Rogozińska, Elżbieta, Wszelaczyńska, Mieczysława
Pińska
Katedra Przechowalnictwa i Przetwórstwa Produktów Roślinnych,
ATR w Bydgoszczy, ul. Ks. Koreckiego 20 blok A,
85-225 Bydgoszcz, Poland.
Effects of increasing magnesium fertilization (as kizerite) on
the accumulation of this element in edible potato tubers as well as
its direct impact on the properties indicating their usefulness for
consumption and processing were studied in a four-year field
experiment. There is a close positive relationship between the
magnesium content in potatoes and their suitability for
consumption. Such properties as taste, flavor and quality of chips
and crisps are particularly important. The results indicated that
higher magnesium concentration in potato tubers was correlated with
stronger tendency to accumulate vitamin C, total protein and
solanin. A beneficial modification of potato tuber quality can be
attained by applying an appropriate magnesium rate (45 kg Mg
per 1 ha), which corresponds to the content of 1.51 g
Mg × kg-1 d.m. of potato tubers.
Key words: magnesium, organoleptic test, crisps, chips,
protein, vitamin C, glycoalkaloid.
Content of minerals in blood serum and tissues of turkey hens
supplemented with Biostymina and Bioaron C (pp 743-748)
Iwona Sembratowicz, Katarzyna Ognik, Jerzy Truchliński,
Magdalena Cendrowska
Katedra Biochemii i Toksykologii, AR w Lublinie, ul.
Różana 12/26, 20-538 Lublin, Poland.
The research was carried out on sixty 6- week-old
Big-6 turkey hens divided into three feeding groups
(20 per group). The birds were reared to the age of
16 weeks under standard conditions, optimal for the fattening
of slaughter turkeys, and fed ad libitum with standard full
ration mixtures. Group I, treated as the control, received no
supplements. Group II received the preparation Bioaron C at
0.5 ml × kg-1 b.w., whereas the birds in
group III were given aloe extract (Biostymina) at
0.05 ml × kg-1 b.w. Both preparations
were added to drinking water. After the rearing period blood
samples were taken from the wing vein. The content of K, Ca, Mg,
Fe, Cu and Zn in serum and tissues (liver, kidney and breast
muscles) was determined by the AAS technique. It was found that the
addition of Bioaron C caused an increase in the Ca, Fe and Cu
content in serum of turkey hens. It also improved the retention of
Cu in liver and kidney tissues. The preparation Biostymina, on the
other hand, depressed the concentration of K in all the types of
tissues examined.
Key words: turkey hens, herbal preparations, blood serum,
tissues, minerals.
Ionic balance of maize and its influence on yield at different
organic-mineral and mineral fertilization
(pp 749-758)
Stanisław Sienkiewicz, Sławomir Krzebietke, Jadwiga
Sienkiewicz
Katedra Chemii Rolnej i Ochrony Środowiska, UWM Olsztyn, ul.
Oczapowskiego 8, 10-744 Olsztyn, Poland
The purpose of the study was to determine the effect of
organic-mineral and mineral fertilization on the ionic balance of
maize at BBCH-16 phase, cultivated in a long-term static field
trial. Maize plants were assayed for the concentration of
Norg., Ca2+, K+, Na+,
NH4 +,
H2PO4-,
NO3-, SO42- and
Cl-. In addition, R-COO- quantity was
calculated. Manure had strong effect on the content of cations and
anions in the test plants. Accumulation of organic anions
(R-COO-) was depressed due to the effect produced by the
mineral fertilizers. Farmyard manure increased ionic ratios of
ÓC:ÓA, K:Ca, K:Mg, K:(Ca + Mg) in maize plants. It was
shown that the yield of maize green mass was positively correlated
with content of K+, NO3-,
H2PO4-, Norg. and sum of cations
(ÓC) in plants of index stage.
Key words: ionic balance, fertilization, FYM, maize.
Study on release of minerals from bread baked from dough of
prolonged fermentation time (pp 759-765)
Krystyna A. Skibniewska, Jolanta Wieczorek, Daniel
Hiliński
Instytut Towaroznawstwa i Kształtowania Jakości, UWM w
Olsztynie, Pl. Cieszyński 1, 10-726 Olsztyn, Poland.
Six samples of bread baked after 5-11 h of fermentation,
2 samples of commercial brown bread, 2 samples of
commercial wheat and rye bread, and 1 sample of gluten-free
bread were analyzed for Mg, Ca, Fe, Zn, Mn, Cu and P content.
Enzymatic in vitro digestion was used to determine
percentage of released minerals. On average 66% Mg, 63% Ca, 59% Fe,
64% Zn, 47% Mn, 73% Cu and 61% P was released. The expected
results, i.e. high percentage of minerals released from bread baked
after prolonged fermentation, were not obtained.
Key words: bread, minerals, in vitro
digestibility.
Influence of mineral fertilization on magnesium and iron
content and the ratio of these elements in crop of New Zealand
spinach (pp 785-794)
Janina Suchorska-Orłowska, Dorota Jadczak, Zbigniew
Muliński
Katedra Chemii Ogólnej, AR w Szczecinie, ul. J. Słowackiego
17, 71-434 Szczecin, Poland.
In this study the effect of nitrogen fertilization (0, 100, 150,
200 kg N × ha-1) on the content of
magnesium and iron and the Fe:Mg ratio in the crop of New Zealand
spinach cultivated in a three year field experiment was tested. It
was found that the fertilization increased the level of magnesium
in spinach leaves and decreased that of iron in the leaves and
stalks of this plant. Moreover, leaves were characterized by higher
concentrations of both elements as compared to stalks. A
significant relationship between Fe:Mg ratios and the level of
nitrogen fertilization was in spinach yield. This relationship was
expressed by high correlation coefficients.
Key words: magnesium, iron, doses of nitrogen, New
Zealand spinach.
Estimatation of the content of macroelements and trace elements
in soils and plants of grasslands in a montane region.
Part II. Content of microelements in sward (pp 837-846)
Barbara Wiśniowska-Kielian, Adam Paździorko
Katedra Chemii Rolnej, AR w Krakowie, Al. A. Mickiewicza 21,
31-120 Kraków, Poland.
The paper presents the content of macroelements in grassland
vegetation from the mountainous commune of Ujsoły, situated in the
southern part of Beskid Żywiecki at the altitude of 540-1324 m
above sea level, and with the slope angle reaching
30-50o. This commune contains four villages: Glinka,
Soblówka, Ujsoły and Złatna. The content of macrolements content
showed high variability, which may be due to a large
diversification of the share of grasses and dicots in swards of the
grasslands examined. In most of the of sward samples (58%), N
content did not exceed 16 g N × kg-1
d.m., and all of the samples had the crude protein level lower than
optimal (< 120 g × kg-1 d.m.). The
optimal P content was found in only 32% of the vegetation samples.
The potassium content did not reach the optimal value 17 g
K × kg-1 d.m., and a evident Ca deficit was
confirmed in 90% of the sward samples. The optimal Mg content was
determined in 58% of the samples, and in all the sward samples the
level of sodium was over 3-fold lower than in good quality fodder
from grasslands. The low N, P and K, and also Ca levels in the
sward samples from the area investigated suggest that fertilization
and liming treatments on those grasslands have been either limited
or discontinued. The following mass ratios: Ca:P in 26% of the
samples, Ca:Mg – in 10% of the samples, K:Ca – in 40% of the
samples, and K:Mg – in 30% of the samples were approximate to the
optimal values, but in the remaining sward samples they were
considerably different from the recommended values for good fodder
from grasslands. The ionic ratio K:(Ca + Mg) and mass
ratio K:Na never reached the recommended values for good fodder.
Those ratios were disturbed mainly by the improper calcium,
potassium and sodium content.
Key words: grasslands, mountainous region, macroelements,
quantitative ratios, fodder quality
Interactions between macroand microelement content in plants
from in vitro culture (pp 869-875)
Jadwiga Żebrowska, Izabella Jackowska
Katedra Genetyki i Hodowli Roślin Ogrodniczych, AR w
Lublinie, ul. Akademicka 15, 20-950 Lublin, Poland.
Relationships between macro- and microelement content in cv.
Teresa strawberry plants regenerated by tissue culture were
investigated. In plants regenerated from leaf blades the
interactions observed were stronger when compared with these
occurring in plants regenerated from strawberry leaf stalks. The
positive relationships between the magnesium and manganese content
as well as between the iron and manganese content were significant,
which confirmed the tendency reported elsewhere in the literature
concentrations of these elements in plants are correlated. Most of
the relationships between macro- and microelement content found in
the present study were positive.
Key words: tissue culture, leaf explants, microplants,
macro- and microelements, interactions.
Comparison of content of metal ions in plants from strawberry
tissue culture (pp 877-882)
Jadwiga Żebrowska, Izabella Jackowska
Katedra Genetyki i Hodowli Roślin Ogrodniczych, AR w
Lublinie, ul. Akademicka 15, 20-950 Lublin, Poland.
Content of ions six metals: magnesium, manganese, iron, copper,
zinc, cobalt, in cv. Teresa strawberry plants regenerated from leaf
explants by tissue culture was investigated. The experiment showed
that the content of ions of the metals, determined per 1 kg
dry matter of the analyzed plant material, was significantly
varied. The content of iron was almost three times as high than an
average Fe content in plants cited in the literature. Magnesium, on
the other hand, was much lower in comparison to the standard mean
level of this metal. The other ions of metals, i.e. manganese,
copper, zinc, cobalt, in the analyzed material appeared in the
amounts within the norms for these metals in plants.
Key words: tissue culture, regeneration, leaf explants,
microplants, ion metals, contents.
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