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Annales de Biologie Clinique. Volume 69, Number 2, 212-6, Mars-Avril 2011, Biologie au quotidien

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Author(s) : Jihene Ben Abdallah, Bassem Charfeddine, Imen Braham, Souhir Neffati, Leila Ben Othmen, Affef Letaief, Mohamed Ali Smach, Zoheier Bourfifa, Hedi Dridi, Khalifa Limem

Summary : The primary distal renal tubular acidosis is characterized biochemically by the inability of the kidney to produce appropriately acid urine in the presence of systemic metabolic acidosis or after acid loading (e.g. ammonium chloride). It is secondary to defective excretion of H + by the cells of the collecting duct. We report the observation of the child MC, 4-year-old, for whom the association of polyuria-polydipsia syndrome, a failure to thrive, nephrolithiasis, hypercalciuria, and especially a high urine pH in the presence of metabolic acidosis did evoke diagnosis of distal renal tubular acidosis. An urine acidification test with ammonium chloride was performed, the urinary pH was always higher than 5.5, thus confirming the diagnosis.

Keywords : distal renal tubular acidosis, nephrolithiasis, hypercalciuria, test acidification