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Perennial organs of Cyperaceae weeds |
Cahiers Agricultures. Volume 6, Number 4, 245, Juillet-Août 1997, Etudes originales
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 Résumé
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Author(s) : Dossahoua Traoré |
Summary : Staple food crops are generally herbaceous and face severe competition with weeds, including Cyperaceae species which are very difficult to control. In Cyperus dilatatus (Fig. 1) perennial organs are tuberized bulbs and plagiotropic rhizomes. C. tenuiculmis var. tenuiculmis and Kyllinga bulbosa show the same architectural organization of underground perennial organs. Both K. erecta and K. peruviana have a rhizome bearing two unequal buds at the bottom of orthotropic axes (Fig. 2) . In these cases, orthotropic axes arise from nodes with an interval of one node. For Mariscus socialis, orthotropic axes arise from nodes with an interval of several nodes (Fig. 3) . Cyperus esculentus has only one tuber (Fig. 4A) , which arises from the tip of a deep oblique rhizome, and bears only three buds clustered in an apical cone. In C. procerus, the tuber bears a vegetative bud on every node (Fig. 4B) . Additional buds are present on distal parts of plagiotropic rhizomes. C. rotundus and C. tuberosus show the most complex architectural organization, with tubers, tuberized bulbs and orthotropic rhizomes bearing vegetative buds (Fig. 5) . Table 1 gives a summary of Cyperaceae weeds, including their vivacious underground organs, the number of buds on organs and their dispositions. Various methods have been proposed to control these weeds: mechanical weeding by extracting and drying vivacious organs; chemical treatments with systemic weed-killers; and biological control. Chemical control is efficient, but several treatments are required vivacious Cyperaceae weeds are generally very difficult to control, and farmers are often obliged to abandon areas overin fested with Cyperaceae weeds, e.g. C. rotundus or C. tuberosus. |
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