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A minimal form of Proteus syndrome presenting with macrodactyly and hand hyperplasia


European Journal of Dermatology. Volume 13, Number 2, 196-8, March - April 2003, Cas cliniques


Summary  

Author(s) : Federica MORELLI, Claudio FELICIANI, Paola TOTO, Anna DE BENEDETTO, Antonello TULLI, Institute of Dermatology, Ospedale Clinicizzato SS. Annunziata, Dipartimento di Oncologia e Neuroscienze, Colle dell'Ara, Via Dei Vestini, Chieti Scalo 66013, Italy.

Summary : Proteus syndrome is a rare congenital disorder characterized by progressive course and great variability of clinical presentation with partial gigantism of extremities, hemihyperplasia with macrocephaly, epidermal nevus, mesodermal hamartomas and the presence of peculiar cerebriform masses on the palms/soles. Many atypical cases have been reported and this is probably due to the mosaicism of the genetic disorder displaying different clinical features. We describe a patient with an extremely mild form of Proteus syndrome presenting macrodactyly and hyperplasia of one hand which was misdiagnosed until the age of 33 years.

Keywords : genetic disease, hamartoma, hemihypertrophy, macrodactyly, mosaicism, Proteus syndrome

Pictures


   
   Fig 1 - A)  Palmar surface of the left hand with a cerebriform hyperkeratotic mass and enlargement of the third and forth fingers. B)  Overgrowth of the third and fourth fingers of the left hand with small nodular lesions.


General criteria: (all required)

- Mosaic distribution of lesions - Progressive course - Sporadic occurrence

Specific Criteria:

- Either one from A or - Two from B or - Three from C



Specific sign

Manifestations

Frequency

A

1. Connective tissue nevus

C

B

1. Epidermal nevus

C

2. Disproportionate overgrowth:

        Limbs

            Arms/legs

C

            Hands/feet/digits

C

        Skull

            Hyperostoses

C

        External auditory meatus

            Hyperostosis

U

        Vertebrae

            Megaspondylodysplasia

C

        Viscera

            Spleen/thymus

U

3. Specific tumors before end of second decade:

        Bilateral ovarian cystadenomas

            Parotid monomorphic adenoma

C

1. Dysregulation of adipose tissue:

        Lipomas

C

        Regional absence of fat

C

2. Vascular malformations:

        Capillary malformations

C

        Venous malformations

C

        Lymphatic malformation

C

3. Facial phenotype:

        Dolichocephaly

U

        Long face

        Low nasal bridge


   
   I - Diagnostic criteria for Proteus syndrome

C = common; U = uncommon

Adapted from Biesecker L.G. et al.12